| 1. | This was indicated by the isotope effect observed in superconductors.
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| 2. | This mechanistic hypothesis is supported by kinetic isotope effect experiments.
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| 3. | Owing to experimental uncertainties, measurement of isotope effect may entail significant uncertainty.
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| 4. | Often isotope effects are determined through complementary studies on a series of isotopomers.
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| 5. | Multiple transformation pathways were revealed for atrazine by measuring isotope effects of multiple elements.
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| 6. | In many such reactions, leaving group isotope effects tend to be easier to interpret.
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| 7. | Interpretation of carbon isotope effects are usually complicated by simultaneously forming and breaking bonds to carbon.
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| 8. | Kinetic isotope effects are common in biological systems and are especially important for hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry.
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| 9. | There may thus be a small isotope effect even if the first step is rate-determining.
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| 10. | Accordingly, it is quite useful to combine hydrogen isotope effects with heavy-atom isotope effects.
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