Surface stress can be derived from surface free energy as followed:
2.
The method is particularly suitable for solids with high surface free energy on which liquids spread out.
3.
Surface stresses normally calculated by calculating the surface free energy and its derivative with respect to elastic strain.
4.
surface free energy ) depends both on surface tension and its derivative with temperature at constant pressure by the relationship.
5.
Definition of surface free energy is seemly the amount of reversible work dw performed to create new area dA of surface, expressed as:
6.
In summary, the formation of the corrugations increases the surface free energy and the gravitational energy of the liquid, but reduces the magnetic energy.
7.
Most of calculations are done at temperature of 0 K . Following are tables of surface stress and surface free energy values of metals and semiconductors.
8.
The driving force for a change in the surface concentration associated with a contraction of the surface is proportional to the difference between surface stress and surface free energy.
9.
This is an essential requirement for pigment dispersions; for wetting to be effective, the surface tension of the vehicle must be lower than the surface free energy of the pigment.
10.
Here \ sigma ( R ) denotes the surface tension ( or ( excess ) surface free energy ) of a liquid drop with radius R, whereas \ sigma denotes its value in the planar limit.
