| 1. | After prepping and draping of the left chest a posterolateral thoracotomy is performed.
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| 2. | The surgery is completed by closure of the left thoracotomy wound in layers.
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| 3. | Access is gained through a left lateral thoracotomy incision below the sixth rib.
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| 4. | Hence, larger biopsies obtained surgically via a thoracotomy or thoracoscopy are usually necessary.
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| 5. | These " extra-anatomic bypasses " can be performed without an invasive thoracotomy.
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| 6. | Initially ICDs were implanted via thoracotomy with defibrillator patches applied to the epicardium or pericardium.
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| 7. | Modern ICDs do not require a thoracotomy and possess pacing, cardioversion, and defibrillation capabilities.
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| 8. | Reported the value of immediate emergency room thoracotomy in a patient group of fatally penetrating trauma.
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| 9. | Cutler published papers extensively throughout his career about thyroidectomy, thoracotomy, cardiotomy, and mitral valvulotomy.
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| 10. | There is wide consensus that thoracotomy is one of the most painful incisions that patients can undergo.
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