call instruction वाक्य
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- In the IBM System / 360 mainframe family, a Supervisor Call instruction implements a system call for legacy facilities; the Program Call ( PC ) instruction is used for newer facilities.
- The fact that and double-increment the program counter before pushing it to the stack facilitates the technique of treating them as supervisor call instructions, as found on some mainframe computers.
- Indeed, the OS has a special facility for " fast fixing " these short-term fixed data buffers ( fixing which is performed without resorting to a time-consuming Supervisor Call instruction ).
- Thus, to interact with an application running in part as a procedure-call instruction to a code segment to which it had dynamically linked ( a code segment that implemented some operation associated with the daemon ).
- Many RISC machines, as well as the CISC IBM System / 360 and successors, have subroutine call instructions that place the return address in an address register the register-indirect addressing mode is used to return from that subroutine call.
- The PCLATH register supplies high-order instruction address bits when the 8 bits supplied by a write to the PCL register, or the 11 bits supplied by a GOTO or CALL instruction, is not sufficient to address the available ROM space.
- In addition, privileged code can temporarily make an address space unswappable With a SYSEVENT Supervisor Call instruction ( SVC ); certain changes in the address space properties require that the OS swap it out and then swap it back in, using SYSEVENT TRANSWAP.
- Particularly notable are the stack instructions PUSH and POP, and the corresponding stack call instructions PUSHJ and POPJ . The byte instructions use a special format of indirect word to extract and store arbitrary-sized bit fields, possibly advancing a pointer to the next unit.
- The run-time routine then rewrites the instructions, changing the load instruction to load the register with the type of the current receiver, and the call instruction to call the preamble of the target method, now " linking " the call site to the target method.
- When first implemented in CP / CMS release 3.1, this use of DIAG provided an operating system interface that was analogous to the System / 360 Supervisor Call instruction ( SVC ), but that did not require altering or extending the system's virtualization of SVC.
- For example, the original subroutine call instructions BAL, Branch and Link, and its register-register equivalent, BALR, Branch and Link Register, store certain status information, the instruction length code, the condition code and the program mask, in the top byte of the return address.
- Code pointers ( including return addresses on the stack ) are two bytes long on chips with up to 128 KB of flash memory, but three bytes long on larger chips; not all chips have hardware multipliers; chips with over 8 KB of flash have branch and call instructions with longer ranges; and so forth.
- In the IBM System / 360, where a return code was expected from the subroutine, the return value was often designed to be a multiple of 4 so that it could be used as a direct branch table index into a branch table often located immediately after the call instruction to avoid extra conditional tests, further improving efficiency.
- Writing assembler code programs under the new OS was rather different than it had been on the Model III . This was because the Model 4 was completely RAM-based, whereas the earlier TRS-80's memory maps were occupied by both RAM and ROM . No longer would assember programs issue CALL instructions to absolute addresses in ROM; TRSDOS 6 provided a standard interface to its service routines with its Supervisor Calls ( SVCs ).
- The interrupts may be due to supervisor ( SVC ) or monitor ( MC ) call instructions issued by job programs to request services, page fault interrupts for virtual memory pages that are not in real memory when referenced by a job program, program interrupts caused by abnormal conditions in job programs, timer interrupts on behalf of job programs or used internally within the supervisor, interrupts from the input / output subsystem, machine check interrupts, external ( operator initiated ) interrupts, and interrupts from other processors in a multiprocessor configuration.
- Typically such macros expand into executable code, e . g ., for the EXIT macroinstruction, a list of " define constant " instructions, e . g ., for the DCB macro, or a combination of code and constants, with the details of the expansion depending on the parameters of the macro instruction ( such as a reference to a file and a data area for a READ instruction ); he executable code often terminated in either a " branch and link register " instruction to call a routine, or a supervisor call instruction to call an operating system function directly.
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