chiasma वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- ;Chiasm ( also Chiasma ) : Amounts to much the same as "'decussation "', an X-shaped crossing of nerve fibres between the cerebral hemispheres.
- In an " MSH4 " mutant of rice, chiasma frequency was dramatically decreased to about 10 % of the wild-type frequency, although the synaptonemal complex was normally installed.
- In these cells chiasma occurs and sister chromatids are partly held together by cohesions; when cell division occurs, the sister chromatids are sheared and mis-segregated which results in an aneuploid state.
- These results suggest that X-rays induce DNA damages, likely including double-strand breaks, and these damages are repaired by a crossover pathway leading to chiasma formation ( see Chromosomal crossover ).
- Visual information is then sent to the brain from retinal ganglion cells via the optic nerve to the optic chiasma : a point where the two optic nerves meet and information from the temporal ( contralateral ) visual field crosses to the other side of the brain.
- Experiments have been carried out with " G . australasiae " to study the time of genetic recombination in relation to the sequence of stages in meiosis, the relationship of homologous chromatids, and each such exchange event results in the formation of a cytologically visible chiasma.
- This surface is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the prechiasmatic groove, above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery into the orbital cavity.
- The phenomenon of genetic chiasmata ( " chiasmatypie " ) was discovered and described in 1909 by Frans Alfons Janssens, a Professor at the University of Leuven in Belgium . " Bivalent " refers to the two homologous chromosomes ( 4 chromatids ); " chiasma " refers to the actual break of the phosphodiester bond during crossing over.
- Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the "'Ventral supraoptic decussation "'( "'commissure of Gudden "', "'Gudden's inferior commissure "'), which is not derived from the optic nerves; it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies.
- The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove ( optic groove ), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery ( with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres ) into the orbital cavity.
- Seen in an MRI as two individual arteries at this hairpin, a carotid artery dolichoectasia can progress so far as to produce a second hairpin turn and appear as three individual arteries on an MRI . In the case of a dolichoectasia of the Internal Carotid Artery ( ICD ), the pathogenesis is primarily related to compression of the Optic Nerves at the Optic Chiasma ( see Fig . 1 and 2 ).
- Since each crossover gives 50 % recombinants, the chiasma count implies a total male genetic map length of 2450 cM . The current version of the Location Database ( Collins et al ., 1996 ) suggests a total male map length of 2851 cM . Chiasmata are more frequent in female meiosis ( exemplifying Haldane's rule that the heterogametic sex has the lower chiasma count ), and the total female map length in the Location Database is 4296 cM ( excluding the X ).
- Since each crossover gives 50 % recombinants, the chiasma count implies a total male genetic map length of 2450 cM . The current version of the Location Database ( Collins et al ., 1996 ) suggests a total male map length of 2851 cM . Chiasmata are more frequent in female meiosis ( exemplifying Haldane's rule that the heterogametic sex has the lower chiasma count ), and the total female map length in the Location Database is 4296 cM ( excluding the X ).
- In meiosis is a diploid cell ( 2N ) duplicates its DNA once and undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid ( 1N ), germ cells that promotes the recombination of large expanses of chromosomal DNA, potentially similar in size to those lost or gained in cancer In meiotic division, homologous chromosomes are held together by cohesions, and after resolution of chiasma ( the recombination crossover points with the other chromosome pair ), the homologous chromosomes are segregated together . "'Meiomitosis "'is an aberrant cellular division pathway through which daughter cells following mitosis inherit partially expressed meiotic machinery.
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