dose equivalent वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- The concept of "'effective dose "'was developed by Wolfgang Jacobi and published in 1975, and was so convincing that the ICRP incorporated it into their 1977 general recommendations ( publication 26 ) as " effective dose equivalent ".
- Area dosimeters or dose ratemeters should be calibrated in terms of the ambient dose equivalent, H * ( 10 ), or the directional dose equivalent, H2 ( 0.07 ), without any phantom present, i . e . free in air ."
- Area dosimeters or dose ratemeters should be calibrated in terms of the ambient dose equivalent, H * ( 10 ), or the directional dose equivalent, H2 ( 0.07 ), without any phantom present, i . e . free in air ."
- "The quantity dose equivalent " H " is the product of the absorbed dose " D " of ionizing radiation and the dimensionless factor " Q " ( quality factor ) defined as a function of linear energy transfer by the ICRU"
- The dose measurement quantity, personal dose equivalent Hp ( d ), is defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection ( ICRP ) as the dose equivalent in soft tissue at an appropriate depth, d, below a specified point on the human body.
- Prior to 1990, the ICRP used the term " dose equivalent " to refer to the absorbed dose at a point multiplied by the quality factor at that point, where the quality factor was a function of linear energy transfer ( LET ).
- The dose measurement quantity, personal dose equivalent Hp ( d ), is defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection ( ICRP ) as the dose equivalent in soft tissue at an appropriate depth, d, below a specified point on the human body.
- The ICRP states that if a personal dosimeter is worn on a position on the body representative of its exposure, assuming whole-body exposure, the value of personal dose equivalent Hp ( 10 ) is sufficient to estimate an effective dose value suitable for radiological protection.
- Based on these measurements, for a round trip Mars surface mission with 180 days ( each way ) cruise, and 500 days on the Martian surface for this current solar cycle, an astronaut would be exposed to a total mission dose equivalent of ~ 1.01 sievert.
- A toxicology study in rhesus monkeys resulted in the death of all rhesus fetuses exposed to 1 and 10 times the human dose equivalent of OHPC ., OHPC was a category D progestin according to the FDA ( that is, there is evidence of fetal harm ).
- However within the US NRC system " dose equivalent " is still used to name quantities which are calculated with tissue and radiation weighting factors, which in the ICRP system are now known as the " protection quantities " which are called " effective dose " and " equivalent dose ".
- Confusion between US and ICRP dose quantity systems can arise because the use of the term " dose equivalent " has been used within the ICRP system since 1991 only for quantities calculated using the value of Q ( Linear energy transfer-LET ), which the ICRP calls " operational quantities ".
- However, the absorbed dose and dose equivalent for a Mars mission were predicted in the early 1990's by Badhwar, Cucinotta, and others ( see for example Badhwar, Cucinotta et al ., Radiation Research vol . 138, 201-208, 1994 ) and the result of the MSL experiment are to a large extent consistent with these earlier predictions.
- Although the CIPM definition states that the linear energy transfer function ( Q ) of the ICRU is used in calculating the biological effect, the ICRP in 1990 developed the " protection " dose quantities " effective " and " equivalent " dose which are calculated from more complex computational models and are distinguished by not having the phrase " dose equivalent " in their name.
- "The calculation of the committed effective dose equivalent ( CEDE ) begins with the determination of the equivalent dose, H T, to a tissue or organ, T . Where D T, R is the absorbed dose in rads ( one gray, an SI unit, equals 100 rads ) averaged over the tissue or organ, T, due to radiation type, R, and W R is the radiation weighting factor.
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