ionization potential वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- Penning ionization occurs when the target molecule has an ionization potential lower than the internal energy of the excited-state atom or molecule.
- In general, as a molecule becomes more protonated, the ionization potentials increase and the kinetic energy of the emitted outer shell electrons decreases.
- The local ionization potential map ( the property of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital mapped upon the electron density ) can provide an indicatory for nucleophilicity.
- Hf-W and Lu-Hf ) are difficult or impossible to analyse by TIMS, due to the high ionization potential of the elements involved.
- For this ionization process to take place, the energy of the excited state gas molecule must be higher than the ionization potential of the neutral molecule.
- Nevertheless, they have attracted interest because of their stability and symmetry, a relatively low ionization potential, delayed ionization, and possibly interesting magnetic properties.
- This results in the HOMO energy being too high in energy, so that any predictions for the ionization potential based on Koopman's theorem are poor.
- The second table below shows the trend in the sum of the first three ionization potentials for the elements group 13 elements this sequence shows a smooth reduction.
- The method could only ionize elements with ionization potentials below the work function of the filament ( ~ 8 eV ), typically alkali and alkaline earth metal.
- The electron donating power of a donor molecule is measured by its ionization potential which is the energy required to remove an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital.
- Although the TIMS method can create molecular ions instead in this case, species with high ionization potential can be analyzed more effectively with MC-ICP-MS.
- Ionizations can only be caused by photons having at least the frequency \ nu _ 0, corresponding to the ionization potential of hydrogen which is 13.6eV:
- Additionally, an approximation, named after Albrecht Uns�ld, must be introduced in order to obtain a description of London dispersion in terms of dipole polarizabilities and ionization potentials.
- The electron donating power of a donor molecule is measured by its ionization potential, which is the energy required to remove an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital.
- Due to higher ionization potential it produces hotter arc at higher voltage, provides wide deep bead; this is an advantage for aluminium, magnesium, and copper alloys.
- It requires a stable power supply, and is suitable for species with a low ionization potential, such as Strontium ( Sr ), and Lead ( Pb ).
- Their efficiency as a photo-material is affected by the HOMO level position and the ionization potential, which directly affects the open circuit voltage and the stability in air.
- All the organic electron donors contain multiply conjugated heterocycles with a number of properties, including planarity, low ionization potential and good orbital overlap between heteroatoms in neighboring donor molecules.
- Noble gases have the largest ionization potential among the elements of each period, which reflects the stability of their electron configuration and is related to their relative lack of chemical reactivity.
- A list of the electron affinities was used by Robert S . Mulliken to develop an electronegativity scale for atoms, equal to the average of the electron affinity and ionization potential.
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