neutron irradiation वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- The proportion between the two will change with continued neutron irradiation . 134 Cs also captures neutrons with a cross section of 140 barns, becoming long-lived radioactive 135 Cs.
- By contrast, the high LET charged particles produced from neutron irradiation cause many ionizations as they traverse a cell, and so double-strand breaks of the DNA molecule are possible.
- One method is by neutron irradiation, where the sample is irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor, with an external detector, such as mica, affixed to the grain surface.
- Slow-neutron irradiation could convert these isotopes into 185 W and 187 W, which have half-lives of 75 days and 24 hours, respectively, and always undergo beta decay to the corresponding rhenium isotopes.
- To determine the number of induced fission events that occurred during neutron irradiation an external detector is attached to the sample and both sample and detector are simultaneously irradiated by thermal neutrons.
- The first method is most important for applications, as only neutron irradiation using nuclear reactors allows the production of sizeable amounts of synthetic actinides; however, it is limited to relatively light elements.
- Slow-neutron irradiation could convert these isotopes into 191 Os and 193 Os, which have half-lives of 15.4 and 30.11 days, respectively, and always undergo beta decay to 191 Ir and 193 Ir, respectively.
- Also, the neutron irradiation of curium generates the higher actinides, such as californium, which increase the neutron dose associated with the used nuclear fuel; this has the potential to pollute the fuel cycle with strong neutron emitters.
- Production of 233 U ( through the neutron irradiation of 232 Th ) invariably produces small amounts of 232 U as an impurity, because of parasitic ( n, 2n ) reactions on uranium-233 itself, or on protactinium-233, or on thorium-232:
- Of the main classes of reactor with a pressure vessel, the pressurized water reactor is unique in that the pressure vessel suffers significant neutron irradiation ( called fluence ) during operation, and may become brittle over time as a result.
- In 1938 Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics " " for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons " ".
- Although catastrophic behaviour such as fusion or crumbling of graphite pieces has never occurred, large changes in many properties do result from fast neutron irradiation which need to be taken into account when graphite components of nuclear reactors are designed.
- Some radionuclides, for example cobalt-60 and iridium-192, are made by the neutron irradiation of normal non-radioactive cobalt and iridium metal in a nuclear reactor, creating radioactive nuclides of these elements which contain extra neutrons, compared to the original stable nuclides.
- In 1938, Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics " " for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons " ".
- The neutron irradiation induces fission of uranium-235 in the sample, and the resulting induced tracks are used to determine the uranium content of the sample because the 235 U : 238 U ratio is well known and assumed constant in nature.
- In 1938 Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 37 for his " demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons ".
- In 1938 Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 37 for his " demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons " ."
- In practice a detection system using this reaction works by subjecting the mine to thermal neutrons while searching for the characteristic gamma ray emitted from the excited state in nitrogen-15; these photons will only be observed when an object containing nitrogen is being subjected to the neutron irradiation.
- The short-lived heavier isotopes 238 Np and 239 Np, useful as radioactive tracers, are produced through neutron irradiation of 237 Np and 238 U respectively, while the longer-lived lighter isotopes 235 Np and 236 Np are produced through irradiation of 235 U with protons and deuterons in a cyclotron.
- Although not currently being used for BNCT, the neutron irradiation facility at the MITR represented the state of the art in epithermal beams for NCT with the capability of completing a radiation field in 10 15 minutes with close to the theoretically maximum ratio of tumor to normal tissue dose.
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