nucleophilic substitution वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- Aryl iodides are in turn used to attach aryl groups to other organics by nucleophilic substitution, with iodide ion as the leaving group.
- The calculated pi-electron density marks C5 as the primary site for electrophilic substitution, and C2 as the site for nucleophilic substitution.
- These compounds react through a chlorine group with hydroxyl groups present in cellulose fibres in nucleophilic substitution, the other triazine positions contain chromophores.
- At the same time, as part of a concerted nucleophilic substitution mechanism ( S N 2 ), the iodide leaving group departs.
- The amine can attack the oxirane due to formation of tertiary carbocation in a nucleophilic substitution SN1 concerted elimination of one atom of chlorine.
- It has been found that tetrahedral ionic compounds of the type R 3 PX 2 continually undergo a racemising degenerate nucleophilic substitution in polar solutions.
- PhSeNa is a useful nucleophile used to introduce the phenylselenyl group by nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides, alkyl sulfonates ( mesylates or tosylates ) and epoxides.
- Bromine itself can be used, but due to its toxicity and volatility safer brominating reagents are normally used, such as reductive coupling, and nucleophilic substitution.
- The alcohol first reacts with " o "-nitrophenylselenocyanate and tributylphosphine to form a selenide via a nucleophilic substitution on the electron-deficient selenium.
- Electrophilic substitution is the counterpart of the nucleophilic substitution in that the attacking atom or molecule, an electrophile, has low electron density and thus a positive charge.
- For instance conversion of the ketone to an alcohol by lithium aluminium hydride can be considered a reduction but the hydride is also a good nucleophile in nucleophilic substitution.
- Sodium ethoxide may either deprotonate the ?-position of an ester molecule, forming an enolate, or the ester molecule may undergo a nucleophilic substitution called transesterification.
- In general, the reaction of haloalkane with potassium hydroxide can compete with an S N 2 nucleophilic substitution reaction by OH " a strong, unhindered nucleophile.
- Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds with potassium hydroxide deprotonating a methyl group and the resulting carbanion undergoing nucleophilic substitution with methyl iodide to form a new carbon carbon bond.
- Many nucleophilic substitutions occur more easily not with bare pyridine but with pyridine modified with bromine, chlorine, fluorine, or sulfonic acid fragments that then become a leaving group.
- For example, kinetic isotope effects can be used to reveal whether a nucleophilic substitution reaction follows a unimolecular ( S N 1 ) or bimolecular ( S N 2 ) pathway.
- For the aforementioned nucleophilic substitution reactions, secondary hydrogen kinetic isotope effects at the ?-carbon provide a direct means to distinguish between S N 1 and S N 2 reactions.
- Amines may also be prepared from alkyl halides in amine alkylation, the Gabriel synthesis and Delepine reaction, by undergoing nucleophilic substitution with potassium phthalimide or hexamine respectively, followed by hydrolysis.
- Studies show that DPPA reacts with amines giving the corresponding phosphoramidates; it therefore appears that formation of the amide similarly involves the intermediate anhydride, followed by nucleophilic substitution by the amine.
- However, reacting with potassium hydroxide would compete with an S N 2 nucleophilic substitution reaction ( minor product ) because OH "-ion is a strong, sterically unhindered nucleophile.
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