phenomenalism वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- In the late 19th century, an even more extreme form of phenomenalism was formulated by Ernst Mach, later developed and refined by Russell, Ayer and the logical positivists.
- In later years, Carnap and Neurath abandoned this sort of " phenomenalism " in favor of a rational reconstruction of knowledge into the language of an objective spatio-temporal physics.
- Enaction has been seen as a move to conjoin representationalism with phenomenalism, that is, as adopting a constructivist epistemology, an epistemology centered upon the active participation of the subject in constructing reality.
- By then, many had replaced Mach's phenomenalism with Otto Neurath's physicalism, and Rudolf Carnap had sought to replace " verification " with simply " confirmation ".
- Mach defended a type of phenomenalism recognizing only 1905 demonstration that the statistical fluctuations of atoms allowed measurement of their existence without direct individuated sensory evidence marked a turning point in the acceptance of atomic theory.
- According to phenomenalism, to say that a normal observer is present is to make the hypothetical statement that were a doctor to inspect the observer, the observer would appear to the doctor to be normal.
- Three important concepts discussed in the " Three Dialogues " are perceptual relativity, the conceivability / master argument ( " master argument " was coined by Andr?Gallois ), and Berkeley's phenomenalism.
- A third common objection in the literature is that phenomenalism, in attempting to convert propositions about material objects into hypothetical propositions about sensibilia, postulates the existence of an irreducibly material observer in the antecedent of the conditional.
- *"'Theories "': Platonic idealism " Hindu idealism " Scientific materialism " Cartesian dualism " Phenomenalism " Existentialism " Nihilism " Realism " Anti-realism " Determinism " Solipsism " Physicalism " MOQ
- His work in the 1930s and 40s bears a strong influence of phenomenalism, a form of radical empiricism ( not to be confused with " phenomenology ", which examines the structure and content of consciousness ).
- His limitation of theological knowledge to the bounds of human need might, if logically pressed, run perilously near phenomenalism; and his epistemology ( " we only know things in their activities " ) does not cover this weakness.
- :: You may be interested in reading the philosphy of various thinkers including the Phenomenalism of David Hume, which holds that reality is ONLY what we perceive, and it makes no sense to think of reality outside of perception.
- Phenomenalism, which seeks to overcome the personal disconnections bred out of postmodernism, draws on Cousins'dramatized explorations of the nature of reality to break the simulation of the theatrical event and create a more direct confrontation between the artist and the audience.
- The idea of the logical positivists, such as A . J . Ayer and Rudolf Carnap, was to formulate the doctrine of phenomenalism in linguistic terms, so as to define references to such entities as physical objects in the external world out of existence.
- Science journalist Nigel Hawkes, writing in " The Times ", said that Sheldrake was " trying to bridge the gap between phenomenalism and science ", and suggested that dogs could appear to have psychic abilities when they were actually relying on more conventional senses.
- Another common objection to phenomenalism is that in the process of eliminating material objects from language and replacing them with hypothetical propositions about observers and experiences, it seems to commit us to the existence of a new class of ontological object altogether : the sensibilia or sense-data which can exist independently of experience.
- In metaphilosophy, Hall held that there could be no empirical or deductive proofs of the superiority of one basic philosophy over another ( say, of realism over phenomenalism ), because he took preference of one or the other to be a function of acceptance of the view's basic categories, an attitude he called " categorial commitment ".
- In this way, it was Mach who formulated the key thesis of phenomenalism, which separates it from bundle theories of objects : objects are " logical constructions " out of sense-data or ideas; whereas according to bundle theories, objects are made up of sets, or bundles, of " actual " ideas or perceptions.
- Antirealists may add " the pragmatic & [ or ] instrumentalist & [ or ] conventionalist conceptions of truth & [ or maybe add an overlay of ] idealism, constructivism, phenomenalism [ or ] empiricism . " Spelling out what realists add to the core position takes Fine a long paragraph that boils down to simply one charge : " correspondence with the world & claims about reality ."
- In this system of resonances, the depth of the sovereign's moral cultivation is directly proportional to the prosperity of the realm . " The ancient Chinese view that anomalies in the heavens, disturbances on earth, earthquakes, avalanches, sightings of unusual animals, and other such " wonders " ( * ` ) were omens of the king's behavior has been termed " phenomenalism " by Western sinologists ( Sharf 2002 : 88 ).
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