plasma frequency वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- At low frequencies, or long wavelengths, transmission is limited by the ionosphere, which reflects waves with frequencies less than its characteristic plasma frequency.
- Radiation of this frequency is below the plasma frequency of the interstellar medium, thus this medium is opaque to it, and it cannot be observed from Earth.
- Mathematically, the dispersion relation leads to a band with negative group velocity everywhere, and a bandwidth that is independent of the plasma frequency, within the stated conditions.
- If the transmitted frequency is higher than the plasma frequency of the ionosphere, then the electrons cannot respond fast enough, and they are not able to re-radiate the signal.
- Pendry et al . demonstrated that the plasma frequency can be made to occur in the lower microwave frequencies for metals with a material made of metal rods that replaces the terahertz frequencies.
- This coupling only occurs when the frequency of the light is equal to or less than the plasma frequency and is greatest at the plasma frequency that is therefore called the resonant frequency.
- This coupling only occurs when the frequency of the light is equal to or less than the plasma frequency and is greatest at the plasma frequency that is therefore called the resonant frequency.
- At very high frequencies ( near and above the plasma frequency, usually ultraviolet ), the permittivity of a metal is not so large, and the metal stops being useful for concentrating fields.
- In particular, at extremely large frequencies ( above the plasma frequency ), metals become transparent to photons ( such as X-rays ), and dielectrics show a frequency-dependent cutoff as well.
- At high frequencies, on the order of the plasma frequency, the compression of the electron fluid is an adiabatic process and \ gamma \ left ( \ omega \ right ) is equal to three.
- For typical metals such as copper or silver, " n _ \ mathrm { e } " is approximately 10 23 cm " 3, which brings the plasma frequency into the ultraviolet region.
- Where f _ p is the plasma frequency as above, f is the frequency of the radio signal, and f _ c is the " collisional frequency " of the atoms in the air.
- Because its plasmon frequency is in the IR-range { { cite journal | doi = 10.1021 / jp026600x | title = Indium Tin Oxide Plasma Frequency Dependence on Sheet Resistance and Surface Adlayers Determined by Reflectance FTIR Spectroscopy
- At low " k ", the SPP behaves like a photon, but as " k " increases, the dispersion relation bends over and reaches an asymptotic limit called the " surface plasma frequency ".
- This sensitivity as compared to the cathode voltage sensitivity, is reduced by the ratio ? q / ?, where ? q is the angular plasma frequency; this ratio is of the order of a few times 10 " 2.
- It exists under the condition that the permittivity of one of the materials forming the interface is negative, while the other one is positive, as is the case for the interface between air and a lossy conducting medium below the plasma frequency.
- When the negative voltage ( few KV's ), the resultant electric field drives electrons away from the substrate in the time scale of the inverse electron plasma frequency ? e " 1 ( ~ l0 " 9 sec ).
- However, in a sufficiently dense plasma ( " n " e > 2.5?0 30 m " 3, a density greater than that of a solid ), the cyclotron frequency is less than twice the plasma frequency.
- Basically, if the EM wave is " slow " enough ( has a frequency below the plasma frequency of the metal ), the electrons in the metal ( which are delocalized, as you said, and mostly unbound ) can match its pace perfectly.
- It exists under the condition that the permittivity of one of the materials forming the interface is negative, while the other one is positive, as for example the interface between air and a lossy conducting medium such as the terrestrial transmission line, below the plasma frequency.
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