prothrombin time वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- In both haemophilia A and B, there is spontaneous bleeding but a normal bleeding time, normal prothrombin time, normal thrombin time, but prolonged partial thromboplastin time.
- The tissue factor ( extrinsic ) pathway is initiated by release of tissue factor ( a specific cellular lipoprotein ), and can be measured by the prothrombin time ( PT ) test.
- Notably, when one examines the lab values in Vitamin K deficiency [ see below ] the prothrombin time is elevated, but the partial thromboplastin time is normal or only mildly prolonged.
- Other tests performed in any patient with bleeding problems are a complete blood count ( especially platelet counts ), activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen level.
- The classical coagulation tests such as PT ( prothrombin time ), aPTT ( activated partial thromboplastin time ) or thrombin time are not very sensitive for hyperfibrinolysis, and influenced by numerous other variables.
- Rare adverse effects ( < 2 % ) include : swelling, pain, and irritation at injection site, anorexia, jaundice, hepatic dysfunction, pruritus, acute pancreatitis, and increased prothrombin time.
- Severe cases are characterized by either obtundation ( dulled consciousness ) or the combination of elevated bilirubin levels and prolonged prothrombin time; the mortality rate in both severe categories is 50 % within 30 days of onset.
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation, another complication of rhabdomyolysis and other forms of critical illness, may be suspected on the basis of unexpected bleeding or abnormalities in hematological tests, such as a decreasing platelet count or prolongation of the prothrombin time.
- :References about INR include : Point-of-care international normalized ratio ( INR ) monitoring devices . . ., An Unpdate on INR Monitoring and Blood Clotting : INR . The latter states that INR was devised in 1983 as a ratio of prothrombin times
- Notably, the prothrombin time ( or international normalized ratio, INR ) used to test the effect of coumadins is highly dependent on factor VII, which explains why patients can have a therapeutic INR ( indicating good anticoagulant effect ) but still be in a hypercoagulable state.
- Removable plastic stents are used in uncomplicated gallstone disease, while permanent blood clotting is impaired, as the risk of bleeding ( especially from sphincterotomy ) is increased in the use of medication such as clopidogrel ( which inhibits platelet aggregation ) or if the prothrombin time is significantly prolonged.
- The INR was invented in the early 1980s by Tom Kirkwood working at the UK National Institute for Biological Standards and Control ( and subsequently at the UK National Institute for Medical Research ) to provide a consistent way of expressing the prothrombin time ratio, which had previously suffered from a large degree of variation between centres using different reagents.
- The reference range for "'prothrombin time "'depends on the analytical method used, but is usually around "'12 13 seconds "'( results should always be interpreted using the reference range from the laboratory that performed the test ), and the "'INR "'in absence of anticoagulation therapy is "'0.8-1.2 " '.
- Medicare coverage for home testing of INR has been expanded in order to allow more people access to home testing of INR in the USA . The release on 19 March 2008 said, " [ t ] he Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ( CMS ) expanded Medicare coverage for home blood testing of prothrombin time ( PT ) International Normalized Ratio ( INR ) to include beneficiaries who are using the drug warfarin, an anticoagulant ( blood thinner ) medication, for chronic atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism . " In addition, " [ t ] hose Medicare beneficiaries and their physicians managing conditions related to chronic atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism will benefit greatly through the use of the home test ."
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