pyrenoid वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- While at Harvard, Gibbs switched advisors, completing her PhD under the advisement of George Chapman, studying the pyrenoid structure in algae, as well as the ultrastructure of the chloroplast itself.
- The discovery of pyrenoid deficient mutants with normal starch grains in the green alga " Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ", as well as starchless mutants with perfectly formed pyrenoids, eventually discredited this hypothesis.
- In the unicellular red alga " Porphyridium purpureum " and in the green alga " Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ", there is a single highly conspicuous pyrenoid in a single chloroplast, visible using light microscopy.
- Mutagenic work on " Chlamydomonas " has shown that the Rubisco small subunit is important for pyrenoid assembly, and that two solvent exposed alpha-helices of the Rubisco small subunit are key to the process.
- Phosphoglycolate is recycled through a sequence of reactions called photorespiration, which involves enzymes and cytochromes located in the mitochondria and peroxisomes ( this is a case of carbon fixation, crassulacean acid metabolism, and the use of pyrenoid.
- It was not before the early 1970s that the proteinaceous nature of the pyrenoid was elucidated, when pyrenoids were successfully isolated from a green alga, and showed that up to 90 % of it was composed of biochemically active Rubisco.
- The entire protein diversity and composition of the pyrenoid has yet to be fully elucidated, but thus far, a number of proteins other than Rubisco have been shown to localise to the pyrenoid; namely, rubisco activase, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase.
- The entire protein diversity and composition of the pyrenoid has yet to be fully elucidated, but thus far, a number of proteins other than Rubisco have been shown to localise to the pyrenoid; namely, rubisco activase, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase.
- The CCM is only induced during periods of low CO 2 levels, and it was the existence of these trigger levels of CO 2 below which CCMs are induced that led researchers to speculate on the likely timing of origin of mechanisms like the pyrenoid.
- In the dinoflagellate " Gonyaulax ", the localisation of Rubisco to the pyrenoid is under circadian control : when cells are photosynthetically active during the day, Rubisco assembles into multiple chloroplasts at the centre of the cells; at night, these structures disappear.
- The current model of the biophysical CCM reliant upon a pyrenoid considers active transport of bicarbonate from the extracellular environment to the vicinity of Rubisco, via transporters at the chloroplast stroma are thought to contribute to maintaining an intracellular pool of DIC, mainly in the form of bicarbonate.
- "Takayama tasmanica " is similar to " Gymnodinium pulchellum " in its external morphology, however it differs from them by having two ventral pores, a large horseshoe-shaped nucleus, and its characteristic central pyrenoid with radiating chloroplasts passing through its nucleus.
- Pyrenoids are highly plastic structures and the degree of Rubisco packaging correlates with the state of induction of the CCM . In " Chlamydomonas ", when the CCM is repressed, for example when cells are maintained in a CO 2-rich environment, the pyrenoid is small and the matrix is unstructured.
- In " Chlamydomonas ", a high-molecular weight complex of two proteins ( LCIB / LCIC ) forms an additional concentric layer around the pyrenoid, outside the starch sheath, and this is currently hypothesised to act as a barrier to CO 2-leakage or to recapture CO 2 that escapes from the pyrenoid.
- In " Chlamydomonas ", a high-molecular weight complex of two proteins ( LCIB / LCIC ) forms an additional concentric layer around the pyrenoid, outside the starch sheath, and this is currently hypothesised to act as a barrier to CO 2-leakage or to recapture CO 2 that escapes from the pyrenoid.
- This being the case, there might have been a similar evolutionary pressure that resulted in the development of the pyrenoid, though it must be noted that in this case, a pyrenoid or pyrenoid-like structure could have developed, and have been lost as CO 2 levels then rose, only to be gained or developed again during the period of land colonisation by plants.
- This being the case, there might have been a similar evolutionary pressure that resulted in the development of the pyrenoid, though it must be noted that in this case, a pyrenoid or pyrenoid-like structure could have developed, and have been lost as CO 2 levels then rose, only to be gained or developed again during the period of land colonisation by plants.
- This being the case, there might have been a similar evolutionary pressure that resulted in the development of the pyrenoid, though it must be noted that in this case, a pyrenoid or pyrenoid-like structure could have developed, and have been lost as CO 2 levels then rose, only to be gained or developed again during the period of land colonisation by plants.
- A single diatom at first look may not seem to be a cell, but diatoms are eukaryotic organisms with common organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and golgi complex . 1 ) Nucleus; holds the genetic material 2 ) Nucleolus; Location of the chromosomes 3 ) Golgi complex; modifies proteins and sends them out of the cell 4 ) Cell Wall; Outer membrane of the cell5 ) Pyrenoid; center of carbon fixation 6 ) Chromatophore; pigment carrying membrane structure 7 ) Vacuoles; vesicle of a cell that contains fluid bound by a membrane8 ) Cytoplasmic strands; hold the nucleus 9 ) Mitochondria; creates ATP ( energy ) for the cell 10 ) Valve / Striae; allows nutrients and waste in and out of the cell
- File : Diatom Anatomy . svg | A single diatom at first look may not seem to be a cell, but diatoms are eukaryotic organisms with common organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and golgi complex . 1 ) Nucleus; holds the genetic material 2 ) Nucleolus; Location of the chromosomes 3 ) Golgi complex; modifies proteins and sends them out of the cell 4 ) Cell Wall; Outer membrane of the cell5 ) Pyrenoid; center of carbon fixation 6 ) Chromatophore; pigment carrying membrane structure 7 ) Vacuoles; vesicle of a cell that contains fluid bound by a membrane8 ) Cytoplasmic strands; hold the nucleus 9 ) Mitochondria; creates ATP ( energy ) for the cell 10 ) Valve / Striae; allows nutrients and waste in and out of the cell
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