spin system वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- In the case of oligosaccharides, each sugar residue is an isolated spin system, so it is possible to differentiate all the protons of a specific sugar residue.
- The satellite performed nominally, except for the spin system, which failed to maintain 60 rpm ( at spin rates below 10 rpm data reduction became difficult ).
- However, it is still an open question whether there is a local dynamics that does not suffer from critical slowing down in spin systems like the Ising model.
- Since the energy flow is predominantly within the spin system, it makes sense to think of a spin temperature that is distinct from the temperature associated to other modes.
- The existence of low-energy excitations is related to the fact that in the absence of an external field, the spin system has an infinite number of degenerate ground states with infinitesimally different spin orientations.
- Yo-yo de-spin systems are commonly used on NASA sub-orbital sounding rocket flights, as the vehicles are spin stabilized through ascent and have minimal flight time for roll cancellation using the payload's attitude control system.
- On the other hand, when the electron spin system is in a thermal equilibrium, the polarization transfer requires continuous microwave irradiation at a frequency close to the corresponding electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR ) frequency.
- It uses a system of three active nuclei ( SXI spin system ) to measure an unresolved coupling with the help of a larger coupling which is resolved in a dimension orthogonal to the small coupling.
- The'pump'beam is designed to excite or perturb the sample from equilibrium, it is very intense designed to create highly non-equilibrium conditions within the sample material, exciting the electron, and thereby subsequently the phonon and the spin system.
- Three active nuclei are needed ( SXI spin system ) and the pulse sequence must be able to transfer magnetization from I to S without changing the spin state of X, otherwise the ECOSY pattern will vanish.
- In the experiment, the spin system is initially perturbed into a non-equilibrium state ( high " H " ), and, as predicted by the " H " theorem the quantity " H " soon decreases to the equilibrium value.
- In the 1970s he showed the equivalence in quantum thermodynamics of, on the one hand, the KMS ( Kubo-Martin-Schwinger ) condition for the characterization of quantum mechanical states in thermodynamic equilibrium with, on the other hand, the variational principle for quantum mechanical spin systems on lattices.
- In the quantum mechanical description of electron and nuclear spin systems that have a limited number of possible states, and therefore a discrete upper limit of energy they can attain, it is possible to obtain a negative temperature, which is numerically indeed less than absolute zero.
- Let us first move away from a gas to an idealized spin system, i . e . a solid whose consituents ( atoms ) store their ( thermal ) energy not by vibrating ( i . e ., no phonons in my model ) but by being excited.
- In the absence of a magnetic field, such a two-spin system would have maximum entropy when half the atoms are in the spin-up state and half are in the spin-down state, and so one would expect to find the system with close to an equal distribution of spins.
- For example, "'AB "'indicates two nuclei which have similar chemical shifts ( ?? similar to or smaller than J ), whereas "'AX "'indicates two which lie further apart on the spectrum ( ?? significantly larger than J ) . "'A 2 B "'would similarly indicate a spin system containing two equivalent nuclei ( A ) and a third, inequivalent one ( B ).
- In the case of a two spin system as described above, we can distinguish two types of pulses : soft or spin-selective pulses, whose frequency range encompasses one of the resonant frequencies only, and therefore affects only that spin; and hard or nonselective pulses whose frequency range is broad enough to contain both resonant frequencies and therefore these pulses couple to both spins.
- The loss of phase coherence in the transverse plane is called transverse or " T " 2 relaxation . " T " 1 is thus associated with the enthalpy of the spin system, or the number of nuclei with parallel versus anti-parallel spin . " T " 2 on the other hand is associated with the entropy of the system, or the number of nuclei in phase.
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