tribosphenic वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- Upon its description in 1999, " Ambondro " was interpreted as a primitive relative of Tribosphenida ( marsupials, placentals, and their extinct tribosphenic-toothed relatives ).
- Some Jurassic mammals, such as " Shuotherium " and " Pseudotribos ", have " reversed tribosphenic " molars, in which the talonid is towards the front.
- Previous theories had suggested that these specialized tribosphenic molars _ which can simultaneously shear food and crush it in mortar-and-pestle fashion _ had evolved only once, in the Northern Hemisphere.
- With their versatile functions for chewing different kinds of food, the tribosphenic and pseudo-tribosphenic teeth are key evolutionary innovations that enabled some of the earliest mammals to diversify in the Mesozoic times.
- With their versatile functions for chewing different kinds of food, the tribosphenic and pseudo-tribosphenic teeth are key evolutionary innovations that enabled some of the earliest mammals to diversify in the Mesozoic times.
- Consequently, Flynn and colleagues argued against the prevailing view that tribosphenic mammals originated on the northern continents ( Laurasia ), and instead proposed that their origin lies in the south ( Gondwana ).
- The molar teeth were initially thought to be tribosphenic, which would have supported a variation of Gregory's theory, but later research has suggested, while they have three cusps, they evolved under a separate process.
- According to Luo " et al . ", tribosphenic molars were evolved by the Australosphenida independently of the true Tribosphenida, or Boreosphenida ( that is, the therians and their relatives ) in the northern continents.
- Modern mammals are all descendants from ancient mammals-- living with the dinosaurs in the Mesozoic-- with tribosphenic teeth ( " sphen " is Greek for shearing and cutting; " tribo " is Greek for grinding and pounding.
- The oldest undisputed fossils of " Dryolestidae " were found in the tribosphenic mammals, and they form a sister group of the latter and " Peramus " together with " Amphitherium ", Paurodontidae, and Henkelotheriidae.
- In 2001, however, an alternative suggestion was published that united it with the Cretaceous Australian " Ausktribosphenos " and the monotremes ( the echidnas, the platypus, and their extinct relatives ) into the clade Australosphenida, which would have acquired tribosphenic molars independently from marsupials and placentals.
- ""'Pappotherium " "'is an extinct genus of mammals from the Albian ( early Cretaceous ) of Texas ( USA ), known from a fossilized maxilla fragment bearing two tribosphenic molars, discovered within the Glen Rose Formation near Decatur, Wise County, Texas.
- The Jurassic Argentinean " Asfaltomylos " and " Henosferus " and the Cretaceous Australian " Bishops " were later added to Australosphenida, and new work on wear in australosphenidan teeth has called into question whether these animals, including " Ambondro ", did have tribosphenic teeth.
- For example, the dentition of the Early Cretaceous monotreme " Steropodon " is similar to those of " dryolestoids, which suggests that monotremes are related to some pre-tribosphenic therian mammals, but, on the other hand, the status of neither of these two groups is well-established.
- Based in part on Martin and Rauhut's earlier work on wear facets in australosphenidans, they questioned the presence of a true functional protocone on the upper molars of non-monotreme australosphenidans none of which are known from upper teeth and consequently suggested that australosphenidans may not, after all, have had truly tribosphenic teeth.
- Also in 2001, Denise Sigogneau-Russell and colleagues in their description of the earliest Laurasian tribosphenic mammal, " Tribactonodon ", agreed with the relationship between " Ausktribosphenos " and monotremes, but argued that " Ambondro " was closer to Laurasian tribosphenidans than to " Ausktribosphenos " and monotremes.
- Under natural selection, organisms descending from different ancestors can evolve analogous structures and similar adaptations, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution . " The pseudo-tribosphenic teeth and the true tribosphenic teeth are great examples of convergent evolution and a great manifestation of how dental and feeding adaptation can be achieved by different lineages of mammals, " said Luo.
- Under natural selection, organisms descending from different ancestors can evolve analogous structures and similar adaptations, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution . " The pseudo-tribosphenic teeth and the true tribosphenic teeth are great examples of convergent evolution and a great manifestation of how dental and feeding adaptation can be achieved by different lineages of mammals, " said Luo.
- In their paper, Flynn and colleagues described " Ambondro " as the oldest mammal with tribosphenic molars the basic molar type of metatherian ( marsupials and their extinct relatives ) and eutherian ( placentals and their extinct relatives ) mammals, characterized by the protocone cusp on the upper molars contacting the talonid basin on the lower molars in chewing.
- As in all true mammals, the tiny bones that conduct sound to the inner ear are fully incorporated into the skull, rather than lying in the jaw as in cynodonts and other premammalian synapsids; this feature, too, is now claimed to have evolved independently in monotremes and therians, although, as with the analogous evolution of the tribosphenic molar, this is disputed.
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