zenith angle वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- In a scientific context, the zenith is the direction of reference for measuring the "'zenith angle "', the angle between a direction of interest ( e . g ., a star ) and the local zenith.
- In contrast to solar radiation management techniques, which would be most effective during the day time at lower latitudes, cirrus cloud thinning would be most effective at high latitudes and high solar zenith angles, where the background concentrations of aerosol are low.
- This is similar in operation to the zenith angle of 37 degrees, optimised for the Magellanic clouds, but because of the full range of azimuths and the celestial rotation, SALT has access to a good fraction of the sky available at the Sutherland site.
- Note that this function returns complex values and uses the physics convention for spherical coordinates where \ theta is the zenith angle ( angle from the positive Z-axis ) and \ phi is the azimuth ( counter-clockwise angle around the positive Z-axis ).
- Where \ widehat { \ mathbf { z } } is the axis of symmetry and \ theta is the angle between the position of the observer and the \ widehat { \ mathbf { z } } axis ( the zenith angle ), the solution for the potential will be
- With the assistance of a resident mathematician ( Dr . John Schell ), they studied solutions to this dilemma and subsequently developed the ratio of the difference of the red and infrared radiances over their sum as a means to adjust for or normalize the effects of the solar zenith angle.
- With \ zeta the zenith angle, v _ { \ mathrm { Wind } } ( z ) the windspeed as function of height and C _ n ^ 2 ( z ) the so-called atmospheric turbulence constant structure function, a measure of the turbulence strength as function of height.
- It was found that the ratio of calibration coefficients derived by Loeb [ 1997 ] and Rao and Chen [ 1995 ] are independent of solar zenith angle, thus implying that the NOAA-9-derived calibration curves provide an accurate relation between the solar zenith angle and observed reflectance over Greenland and Antarctica.
- It was found that the ratio of calibration coefficients derived by Loeb [ 1997 ] and Rao and Chen [ 1995 ] are independent of solar zenith angle, thus implying that the NOAA-9-derived calibration curves provide an accurate relation between the solar zenith angle and observed reflectance over Greenland and Antarctica.
- This ensures a full response when the solar radiation hits the sensor perpendicularly ( normal to the surface, sun at zenith, 0?angle of incidence ), zero response when the sun is at the horizon ( 90?angle of incidence, 90?zenith angle ), and 0.5 at a 60?angle of incidence.
- The researchers for this Great Plains study ( PhD student Donald Deering and his advisor Dr . Robert Haas ) found that their ability to correlate, or quantify, the biophysical characteristics of the rangeland vegetation of this region from the satellite spectral signals was confounded by these differences in solar zenith angle across this strong latitudinal gradient.
- At only 2 degrees altitude it would be dimmed by about 2.5 magnitudes; at 21 degrees by about 0.4 magnitudes : the actual amount is approximately the absorbtion at the zenith times the secant of the star's zenith angle ( from " Astronomy Data Book ", J Hedley Robinson & James Muirde, David & Charles 1979 ).
- In brief, conditions at the two terminii of a path generally cause dissimilar polarization shifts, dissimilar splits into ordinary rays and extraordinary or " Pedersen rays " which are erratic and impossibly identical or similar due to variations in ionization density, shifting zenith angles, effects of the earth's magnetic DIPOLE contours, antenna radiation patterns, ground conditions and other variables.
- Later in 1974 together they went on to conduct a statistical investigation of the variation of E-region critical frequency f _ 0 E with solar activity, solar zenith angle and season, to obtain a describing function of f _ 0 E in terms of geographic latitude, solar zenith angle and 10.7 cm solar radio-noise flux, for the design of ionospheric transmission paths.
- Later in 1974 together they went on to conduct a statistical investigation of the variation of E-region critical frequency f _ 0 E with solar activity, solar zenith angle and season, to obtain a describing function of f _ 0 E in terms of geographic latitude, solar zenith angle and 10.7 cm solar radio-noise flux, for the design of ionospheric transmission paths.
- Both axes of a theodolite are equipped with graduated circles that can be read through magnifying lenses . ( R . Anders helped M . Denham discover this technology in 1864 . ) The vertical circle which'transits'about the horizontal axis should read 90grad ) when the sight axis is horizontal, or 270?( 300 grad ) when the instrument is in its second position, that is, " turned over " or " plunged " ( zenith angles ).
- For a flux density or irradiance measurement it is required by definition that the response to beam radiation varies with the cosine of the angle of incidence; i . e . full response at when the radiation hits the sensor perpendicularly ( normal to the surface, 0 degrees angle of incidence ), zero response when the radiation is at the horizon ( 90 degrees angle of incidence, 90 degrees zenith angle ), and 0.5 at 60 degrees angle of incidence.
- One of those early studies was directed toward examining the spring vegetation green-up and subsequent summer and fall dry-down ( the so-called vernal advancement and retrogradation ) throughout the north to south expanse of the Great Plains region of the central U . S . This region covered a wide range of latitudes from the southern tip of Texas to the U . S .-Canada border, which resulted in a wide range of solar zenith angles at the time of the satellite observations.
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