particle number वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- Creation and annihilation operators, for example, are not self-adjoint but they do correspond to changes in particle number in multi-particle states.
- Elements of a Fock space which are superpositions of states of differing particle number ( and thus not eigenstates of the number operator ) are not Fock states.
- The state of a thermodynamic system is specified by a number of volume, internal energy, and the amount of each constituent particle ( particle numbers ).
- For example, in the canonical ensemble the number of particles inside the system is held fixed, whereas particle number can fluctuate in the grand canonical ensemble.
- As of September 2017, Euro 6 emission regulations will limit particle numbers at a maximum of 6 x 10 11 per kilometre over the New European Driving Cycle.
- For a simple system in which the particle numbers are constant, the second derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials can all be expressed in terms of only three material properties
- Here, the temperature, pressure, and chemical potential are the generalized forces, which drive the generalized changes in entropy, volume, and particle number respectively.
- This is due in part to the fact that, given the same mass per volume, the dose in terms of particle numbers increases as particle size decreases.
- Since the system is closed, the particle number " N " is constant and a small change in the energy of the system would be given by:
- For the case of the absence of matter, quantum field theory is necessary, because non-relativistic quantum mechanics with fixed particle numbers does not provide a sufficient account.
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