In addition, here we have a small sinusoidal modulation of the expansion and recollapse.
2.
For a sinusoidal modulation, this would introduce a factor of \ sqrt { 2 } between the lock-in amplifier output and the peak amplitude of the signal, and a different factor for non-sinusoidal modulation.
3.
For a sinusoidal modulation, this would introduce a factor of \ sqrt { 2 } between the lock-in amplifier output and the peak amplitude of the signal, and a different factor for non-sinusoidal modulation.
4.
A small, high frequency sinusoidal modulation voltage is superimposed on the A . C . component of the tunneling current is recorded using a lock-in amplifier, and the component in-phase with the tip-sample bias modulation gives dI / dV directly.
मोबाइल