In 1935, seismologists Charles Francis Richter and Beno Gutenberg of the California Institute of Technology developed a scale, later dubbed the Richter magnitude scale, for computing the magnitude of earthquakes, specifically those recorded and measured with the Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph in a particular area of California.
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Richter established a magnitude 0 event to be an earthquake that would show a maximum, combined horizontal displacement of 1.0 �m ( 0.00004 in . ) on a seismogram recorded with a Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph 100 km ( 62 mi . ) from the earthquake epicenter.
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