The Landscape, the Portrait, the Globe, and the Rapid-Rectilinear / Aplanat constituted the nineteenth-century photographer's entire lens arsenal.
2.
However, symmetrical optical formulae such as the Rapid-Rectilinear / Aplanat and the Double Gauss are usually considered pleasing, while asymmetric retrofocus wide angle and telephoto lenses are often thought harsh.
3.
The Rapid-Rectilinear and Aplanat lenses were scalable over many focal lengths and fields of view for all contemporaneous media, and they were the standard moderate-aperture, general-purpose lenses for more than half a century.
4.
By coincidence, John Dallmeyer's Rapid-Rectilinear and Adolph Steinheil's Aplanat had virtually identical symmetric four-element formulae, arrived at almost simultaneously in 1866, all of which corrected most optical aberrations, except for spherical and field curvature, to f / 8.
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