Groundwater through them, forming an aquitard or aquiclude of ideal
2.
An " aquiclude " is a substrate with porosity that is so low it is virtually impermeable to groundwater.
3.
A " confined aquifer " is an aquifer that is overlain by a relatively impermeable layer of rock or substrate such as an aquiclude or aquitard.
4.
The Bright Angel Shale in the group forms an aquiclude ( barrier to groundwater seeping down ), and thus collects and directs water through the overlying Muav Limestone to feed springs in the Inner Gorge.