avirulence वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- There is no common structure between avirulence gene products.
- Avirulence genes are now known to encode effectors.
- However, genes such as avirulence genes are not essential for the organism and many potential targets lack known inhibitors.
- LRR swapping experiments between resistance genes in flax rust resulted in the specificity of the resistance gene for the avirulence gene changing.
- The original evolved from a common ancestor, but differ in their virulence / avirulence profiles and the countries in which they have been detected.
- A complex relationship between hypersensitive response and pathogenicity genes, avirulence genes, and plant resistance genes gives rise to the virulence of bacterial pathogens.
- This suggests recent evolution of the Pto R gene and the pressure to evolve to target AvrPto, turning a virulence effector to an avirulence effector.
- The gene-for-gene relationship describes the recognition of pathogenic avirulence ( " avr " ) genes by host plant pathogen interactions.
- The avirulence gene leads to the pathogen being avirulent, or unable to induce disease on a specific variety of plant hosts, those being the ones carrying the corresponding resistance genes.
- As first noted by Harold Flor in his mid-20th century formulation of the gene-for-gene relationship, a plant R gene has specificity for a pathogen avirulence gene ( Avr gene ).
- Generally, a single avirulence gene ( in the bacterium ) corresponds to a single resistance gene ( in the plant host ), giving rise to the concept of a gene-for-gene response.
- Several experiments support this hypothesis, e . g . the Rpm1 gene in " Arabidopsis thaliana " is able to respond to two completely unrelated avirulence factors from " P . syringae ".
- The corresponding avirulence genes in the bacterium are avrB, avrA, avrC, and avrD . Thus, evolution, mutation, and cases of horizontal gene transfer can make it difficult to breed longterm resistance into soybean cultivars.
- Yeast two-hybrid studies of the tomato Pto / Prf / AvrPto interaction showed that the Avirulence protein, AvrPto, interacted directly with Pto despite Pto not having an LRR . This makes Pto the guardee protein, which is protected by the NBS-LRR protein Prf.
- Resistance to " Bremia lactucae " in " Lactuca serriola " is due to " Dm " genes, or single dominant genes . meaning that each resistance gene in the plant is associated with a specific gene in the pathogen, with avirulence being dominant to virulence.
- Presumably, if people were desperate enough to eschew the usual gatekeeping and rent-seeking of the medical cartel " ( that'll be the day ) ", they could sicken a bunch of monkeys with Ebola Reston, take their blood, run crowds of people through its dilute aerosol, and save most of them ( learning the limits of its avirulence in the process through a few fatalities, no doubt ).
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