| 1. | The dynein in the axoneme forms bridges between neighbouring microtubule doublets.
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| 2. | Radial spokes are T-shaped structures present inside the axoneme.
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| 3. | The radial spoke is another protein complex of the axoneme.
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| 4. | They also have a heteromorphic pair of central microtubules in the anterior axoneme.
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| 5. | Basal body serves as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme microtubules.
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| 6. | Activation promotes basal body trafficking, docking at the apical membrane and subsequent axoneme growth.
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| 7. | Besides the microtubules, the axoneme contains many proteins and protein complexes necessary for its function.
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| 8. | Each dynein molecule thus forms a cross-bridge between two adjacent microtubules of the ciliary axoneme.
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| 9. | Undulipodia are an extension of the cell membrane containing both cytoplasm and a regular arrangement of microtubules known as an axoneme.
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| 10. | In testicular sperm, the defect was only rarely observed, suggesting that instability of a normally formed axoneme occurred during sperm maturation.
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