| 1. | The microstructures of martensite and bainite at first seem quite similar.
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| 2. | Bainite is an intermediate of pearlite and martensite in terms of hardness.
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| 3. | TRIP steels use higher quantities of carbon than ferrite / bainite formation.
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| 4. | They are also added to avoid formation of carbide in the bainite region.
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| 5. | If cooled even faster, bainite will form.
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| 6. | Depending on the holding-temperature, austempering can produce either upper or lower bainite.
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| 7. | A fine non-lamellar structure, bainite commonly consists of cementite and dislocation-rich ferrite.
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| 8. | Upper bainite is a laminate structure formed at temperatures typically above and is a much tougher microstructure.
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| 9. | However, greater undercooling by rapid quenching results in formation of martensite or bainite instead of pearlite.
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| 10. | Under a light microscope, the microstructure of bainite appears darker than martensite due to its low reflectivity.
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