| 1. | Only valence 3 was observed for californium, einsteinium and fermium.
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| 2. | The first experiment with californium in concentrated form occurred in 1958.
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| 3. | The discoveries of americium, berkelium, and californium followed soon.
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| 4. | Californium was expected to resemble lanthanide elements in being highly ionic.
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| 5. | Thus, the symbols for californium and einsteinium are Cf and Es.
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| 6. | Californium is one of the few transuranium elements that have practical applications.
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| 7. | By 1995, the HFIR nominally produced of californium annually.
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| 8. | One possible neutron source is californium-252 which undergoes spontaneous fission.
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| 9. | They were the first to observe ternary fission in Californium-252.
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| 10. | Isotopes of californium with mass numbers 237 256 are formed in nuclear reactors;
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