The problematic article is Chopper ( electronics ) and should have a split-up from the section chopper amplifier.
2.
This can be reduced to several microvolts if nulled using the IC's offset null pins or using higher-quality or Chopper amplifiers actively measure and compensate for the input offset voltage, and may be used when very low offset voltages are required.
3.
By superior layout and circuit design made possible by Bresee's and Khadders superior process uniformity, transistor performance, and surface passivation, Erdi was able to design and achieve breakthrough advances in micro power amplifiers with both low input offset and 1 / f noise voltage rivaling many chopper amplifiers formerly used exclusively for micro volt input amplifiers.
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