In 1796 the German physician Franz Joseph Gall ( 1758 1828 ) began lecturing on organology : the isolation of mental faculties and later cranioscopy which involved reading the skull's shape as it pertained to the individual.
2.
At the turn of the 19th century, Franz Joseph Gall ( 1758 1822 ) developed " cranioscopy " ( Ancient Greek " kranion "-" skull ", " scopos "-" vision " ), a method to determine the personality and development of mental and moral faculties on the basis of the external shape of the skull.
3.
Their deliberately chosen term " " cerebral physiology " " ( coined by Engledue ) was entirely consistent with the original anatomy-centred term of " " cranioscopy " " ( German, " die Kraniometrie " ) chosen by the German neuroanatomist Franz Joseph Gall; and it was intentionally applied rather than the ( then ) prevailing English, metaphysical, mind-centred term, " " phrenology " " coined by Thomas Forster ( see Forster ( 1815 ) to distinguish their own rational, sceptical, proto-scientific efforts in pursuit of a scientific understanding of ( what would be termed, today ) " brain science ", from the superstitious " phrenology " ( which was eventually universally dismissed as a flawed pseudoscience ).
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