Defunctionalization is also related to the technique from object-oriented programming of representing functions by function objects ( as an alternative to closures ).
2.
Closures are closely related to function objects; the transformation from the former to the latter is known as defunctionalization or lambda lifting; see also closure conversion.
3.
In such situations, defunctionalization must be preceded by closures are supported as first-class values, it becomes necessary to represent these captured bindings by creating data structures.
4.
Besides its use as a compilation technique for higher-order functional languages, defunctionalization has been studied ( particularly by Olivier Danvy and collaborators ) as a way of mechanically transforming interpreters into abstract machines.
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