Turpentine is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes beta-pinene with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, dipentene, and terpinolene.
3.
Racemic limonene is known as dipentene . d-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods : centrifugal separation or steam distillation.
4.
Because the turpentine and pine oil from destructive distillation " become somewhat contaminated with other distillation products ", After the solvent has been recovered, " the terpene oils are separated by fractional distillation and recovered mainly as refined turpentine, dipentene, and pine oil.
5.
Limonene occurs commonly as the d or ( " R " )-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 �C . When warmed with mineral acid, limonene isomerizes to the Diels-Alder adducts between ?-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride.
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