After a trade apprenticeship as a bricklayer, Kr�plin studied Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Braunschweig in 1977 and received a PhD for a thesis on the elastoplastic stability of steel bridges.
2.
Where \ textstyle \ operatorname { sign } denotes the signum function, and \ textstyle A, \ textstyle \ beta > 0, \ textstyle \ gamma and \ textstyle n are dimensionless quantities controlling the behaviour of the model ( \ textstyle n = \ infty retrieves the elastoplastic hysteresis ).
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