| 1. | Geminate obstruents are tense and often give the impression of aspiration.
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| 2. | Normally becomes, becomes, and becomes . and are predominantly geminate.
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| 3. | Voiceless stops are geminated and nasals also contrast in length.
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| 4. | The long ( geminate ) consonants occur only between vowels.
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| 5. | Geminate is pronounced and written . is also pronounced and written after.
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| 6. | All consonants except for / h / can be geminated.
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| 7. | All consonants can be geminated ( held longer ), except for.
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| 8. | The following cannot be geminate :, and the fricatives.
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| 9. | All consonants except the glottal stop can occur as geminates.
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| 10. | Kavalan is also one of two Formosan languages to have geminating consonants.
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