Budgett traced the development of " Gymnarchus niloticus " and made observations on other fish, frogs, mosquitoes and other insects.
2.
Mormyridae and their close relative Gymnarchus are also unique in being the only vertebrates where the male sperm cell doesn't have a flagellum.
3.
The behavior is also present in other Gymnotiformes such as " Apteronotus ", as well as in the African species " Gymnarchus niloticus ".
4.
The JAR was discovered in the distantly-related " Gymnarchus niloticus " by Walter Heiligenberg in 1975, showing that the behavior had convergently evolved in two separate lineages.
5.
The Gymnarchidae ( the only species being " Gymnarchus niloticus ", the African knifefish ) and the Mormyridae are weakly electric fish able to sense their prey using electric fields.
6.
Electric fish can be classified into two types : pulse fish or wave fish . " Gymnarchus niloticus " is a wave fish, producing a near-sinusoidal discharge of around 500 Hz.
7.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1954, following breakthrough research identifying the African Knife fish ( " Gymnarchus " ), and the uses which the fish makes of it.
8.
In some species the waveform is continuous and almost sinusoidal ( for example the genera " Apteronotus ", " Eigenmannia " and " Gymnarchus " ) and these are said to have a wave-type EOD . In other species, the EOD waveform consists of brief pulses separated by longer gaps ( for example " Gnathonemus ", " Gymnotus ", " Leucoraja " ) and these are said to have a pulse-type EOD.
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