| 1. | There are certain circumstances when magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses are unreliable.
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| 2. | Above 85�N both magnetic compasses and normal gyrocompasses become inaccurate.
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| 3. | A special gyrocompass built by Sperry Rand was installed shortly before the journey.
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| 4. | A gyrocompass, employed for navigation of seagoing vessels, finds the geometric north.
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| 5. | GPS compasses share the main advantages of gyrocompasses.
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| 6. | Magnetometers, and substitutes such as gyrocompasses, are more stable in such situations.
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| 7. | The first functional gyrocompass was patented in 1904 by German inventor Hermann Ansch�tz-Kaempfe.
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| 8. | The tail vertical rudder meter set a vertical gyrocompass to control the vertical tail rudders.
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| 9. | The submarine was fitted with the first naval periscope and the first naval electric gyrocompass.
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| 10. | Her navigation equipment included wireless direction finding, an echo sounding device and a gyrocompass.
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