In these systems the haulm ( dried stalks ) of cowpea is a valuable by-product, used as animal feed.
2.
The animals are also provided with maize / sorghum stovers, paddy straw, wheat straw and sugarcane tops as well as groundnut, urd ( Vigno mungo ) and arhar ( Cajanus cajan ) haulms.
3.
At one point in Edo period the haulm's yellow sap was effectively used in the external treatment of smallpox, which prompted Kaibara Ekken to describe the herb in his " Yamato honzM " ('Y�T, gI?), under the name of " ashitagusa " ( y�I?), as " a powerful tonic drug . " In folk medicine it is claimed to be diuretic, tonic, to improve digestion, and, when applied topically, to speed wound healing and prevent infection.
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