"' Psilomelane "'is a group name for hard black manganese oxides including hollandite and romanechite.
2.
It is suggested that the evolution of the OEC was triggered by the presence of the manganese-containing minerals rancieite and hollandite in the early oceans.
3.
For example, Synroc-C is designed to contain about 20 wt . % of calcined HLW and it consists of approximately ( in wt . % ) : 30 hollandite; 30 zirconolite; 20 perovskite and 20 Ti-oxides and other phases.
4.
Characteristic primary phases in the groundmass include : zoned pyroxenes ( cores of diopside rimmed by Ti-aegirine ); spinel-group minerals ( magnesian chromite to titaniferous magnetite ); Sr-and REE-rich perovskite; Sr-rich apatite; REE-rich phosphates ( monazite, daqingshanite ); potassian barian hollandite group minerals; Nb-bearing rutile and Mn-bearing ilmenite.
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