| 1. | Hydronephrosis is the result of any of several abnormal pathophysiological occurrences.
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| 2. | It can occur as a complication of hydronephrosis or pyelonephritis.
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| 3. | A CT scan of the abdomen will also demonstrate bladder distension or hydronephrosis.
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| 4. | Nephrostomies may also be required to treat pyonephrosis, hydronephrosis and kidney stones.
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| 5. | Hydronephrosis as well as pyelonephritis have also been reported in a few individuals.
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| 6. | A kidney ultrasound will demonstrate hydronephrosis if present.
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| 7. | Imaging looking for abnormal bladder morphology or vesicoureteral reflux / hydronephrosis may be helpful.
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| 8. | Hydronephrosis and renal failure may also occur.
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| 9. | Cystography can be used to evaluate bladder cancer, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder polyps, and hydronephrosis.
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| 10. | All had marked dilatation of the bladder and some had hydronephrosis and the external appearance of prune belly.
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