Pulmonary haemorrhage, pleural effusions, atelectasis, and intrapulmonary shunts also contribute to respiratory difficulty.
2.
Arterial hypoxemia in these patients has been attributed to ventilation-perfusion inequality and intrapulmonary shunting.
3.
An example is intrapulmonary percussive ventilation.
4.
This effector is required for intracellular proliferation within human and amoeba cells and for intrapulmonary Legionella proliferation in mice.
5.
The measurement helps isolate the location of the problem as either intrapulmonary ( within the lungs ) or extrapulmonary ( somewhere else in the body ).
6.
This negative pressure leads to expansion of the chest, which causes a decrease in intrapulmonary pressure, and increases flow of ambient air into the lungs.
7.
Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia ( inadequate blood oxygen ) in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the lungs become consolidated.
8.
When a constant concentration of an anesthetic like halothane is inspired, the increase in alveolar concentration is accelerated by concomitant administration of nitrous oxide, because alveolar uptake of the latter creates a potential subatmospheric intrapulmonary pressure that leads to increased tracheal inflow.
9.
Children and adults with chronic dry cough, increased work of breathing ( fast respiratory rate, shortness of breath at rest or with activities ) and absence of an infectious process to explain respiratory symptoms should be evaluated for interstitial lung disease or another intrapulmonary process.
10.
The differences between the atmospheric and intrapulmonary pressures, driving air in and out of the lungs during the breathing cycle, are in the region of only 2-3 kPa . A doubling or more of these small pressure differences could be achieved by only very minor adjustments to the breathing effort at high altitudes.
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