Hickory shuckworm ( " Laspeyresia caryana " ) is probably a major factor in reducing germination.
2.
A major pest of spruce ( Hedlin et al . 1980 ), the spruce seed moth " Laspeyresia youngana"
3.
Two of the most important are the pecan weevil ( " Curculio caryae " ) and the hickory shuckworm ( " Laspeyresia caryana " ).
4.
The caterpillars, notably those of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella, are destructive orchard pests, with many of them consuming fruits, nuts, roots and sometimes foliage.
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