One view maintains that the condition is associated with a higher risk for miscarriage, premature birth, and malpresentation.
2.
A "'malpresentation "'is any presentation other than a vertex presentation ( with the top of the head first ).
3.
A "'shoulder presentation "'refers to a malpresentation at childbirth where the baby is in a transverse lie ( its vertebral column is perpendicular to that of the mother ), thus the leading part ( the part that enters first the birth canal ) is an arm, shoulder, or the trunk.
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