Osphradium is narrow, positioned slightly posterior to middle of ctenidium.
2.
The osphradium, the olfactory organ linked with the respiration organ, is usually relatively small.
3.
It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy.
4.
Anteriorly, a nerve emerges and innervates the right body wall; no histologically differentiated osphradium could be detected.
5.
The osphradium ( a chemoreceptory organ ) is more highly specialized than the same organ in any other group of gastropods.
6.
However, a truly homologous " osphradium " is yet to be found in some groups, such as in Lepidopleuridan chitons ( Polyplacophora ).
7.
These terrestrial gastropods have lost the ctenidium ( comb-like respiratory apparatus ) and osphradium, and the pallial cavity has been modified as a lung.
8.
Through torsion of the intestinal mass and a spiral movement of the body, the gill, the kidney and the osphradium ( which means sensory receptor, or olfactory organ ) have disappeared on the right side.
9.
The salivary and digestive glands are the same as those found in " Arion " species, but the vestigial osphradium ( kidney-like structure ) within the mantle chamber is more distinct than it is in " Arion " species.
10.
In the evolutionary course of the relocation of the anus, the various ganglia posterior to the pleural and pedal ganglia had to conduct a twist this means, for example, that the osphradium on the animal's left side is innervated through the right side of its body and vice versa.
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