Pentazocine and butorphanol fall under this opioid class.
2.
These include cyclazocine, pentazocine, and phenazocine.
3.
Some of these agents are used as analgesics, including pentazocine, phenazocine, dezocine, and eptazocine.
4.
The opioid antagonist activity of Nalbuphine is one-fourth as potent as nalorphine and 10 times that of pentazocine.
5.
Dysphoric effects are similar to those seen when using other ?-opioid receptor agonists like pentazocine and salvinorin A.
6.
However, as a narcotic agonist antagonist, pentazocine and its relatives can cause withdrawal in those physically dependent upon narcotics.
7.
It is related to other benzomorphans such as pentazocine, with a similar profile of effects that include analgesia and euphoria.
8.
Other Schedule IV narcotics also include butorphanol nasal spray, pentazocine, propoxyphene-based mixtures and others of the same type.
9.
KOR agonists, ( e . g . enadoline, ketazocine, pentazocine and relatives ), which show similar hallucinatory and dissociative effects.
10.
In a small clinical study, pentazocine, a KOR agonist, was found to rapidly and substantially reduce symptoms of mania in patients with bipolar disorder.
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