| 1. | They were smaller than most placoderms, usually under 20 centimetres.
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| 2. | A significant proportion of Michigan's Devonian fish were placoderms.
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| 3. | The placoderm, then, was probably red above and silver below.
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| 4. | Unlike other flattened placoderms, the phyllolepids were inhabitants of freshwater environments.
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| 5. | The Xiaoxiang fauna also includes galeaspids, placoderms and acanthodians.
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| 6. | Placoderms, scaled or naked, depending on the species.
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| 7. | This allowed placoderms to lift their heads, unlike ostracoderms.
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| 8. | The remains of both antiarch and arthrodire placoderms are known from the formation.
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| 9. | The earliest known fish with jaws are the now extinct placoderms and spiny sharks.
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| 10. | The placoderm claspers are not cartilaginous fishes.
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