| 1. | Pleiotropic genes act as an arbitrating force in speciation.
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| 2. | Until the recent discovery of the Late Miocene fossil depository known as pleiotropic evolution.
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| 3. | OSM is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the interleukin 6 group of cytokines.
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| 4. | Hfq mediates its pleiotropic effects through several mechanisms.
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| 5. | As a pleiotropic cytokine, it plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity.
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| 6. | Pleiotropic interactions ( where one gene may influence multiple traits ) is another likely mechanism.
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| 7. | IL-10 is a cytokine with multiple, pleiotropic, effects in immunoregulation and inflammation.
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| 8. | Likewise, pleiotropic gene's stabilizing selection allows for the allele frequency to be altered.
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| 9. | The loci of these pleiotropic toolkit genes have large, complicated and modular cis-regulatory elements.
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| 10. | Statins have major pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive effects besides the cholesterol reduction effect.
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