polyarchy वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- However, Lindblom soon began to see the shortcomings of Polyarchy with regard to democratic governance.
- A polyarchy is a state that has certain procedures that are necessary conditions for following the democratic principle.
- It has been described by some political theorists including Robert A Dahl, Gregory Houston and Ian Liebenberg as polyarchy.
- He uses the term polyarchy to refer to societies in which there exists a certain set of institutions and procedures which are perceived as leading to such democracy.
- In " Preface to Democratic Theory " ( 1956 ) Dahl argues that an increase in citizen political involvement may not always be beneficial for polyarchy.
- In his best known work, " Politics And Markets " ( 1977 ), Lindblom notes the " Privileged position of business in Polyarchy ".
- When certain groups of elites gain crucial advantages, become too successful and begin to collude with one another instead of compete, Polyarchy can easily turn into Corporatism.
- In a discussion of contemporary British foreign policy, Mark Curtis stated that " Polyarchy is generally what British leaders mean when they speak of promoting'democracy'abroad.
- Dahl hypothesized that each of these conditions can be quantified, and suggested using the term polyarchy to describe an organization that scores high on the scales for all the eight conditions.
- For instance, Dahl defines polyarchy based on seven distinct criteria : elected officials, free elections, inclusive suffrage, the right to run for office, freedom of expression, alternative information, and associational autonomy.
- An increase in the political participation of members of less educated classes, for example, could reduce the support for the basic norms of polyarchy, because members of those classes are more pre-disposed to be authoritarian-minded.
- Together with his friend, colleague and fellow Yale professor Robert A . Dahl, Lindblom was a champion of the Polyarchy ( or " Pluralistic " ) view of political elites and governance in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
- In Western European political science, the term "'polyarchy "'( " many ", " arkhe " " rule " ) was used by Robert Dahl to describe a form of government in which power is invested in multiple people.
- He was a faculty member in the departments of Political Science and Joshua Cohen and others he developed the theory of directly "'deliberative polyarchy "'or "'democratic experimentalism "', which is related to the concept of deliberative democracy.
- Saint Thomas Aquinas unapologetically declares : " Tyranny is wont to occur not less but more frequently on the basis of polyarchy [ rule by many, i . e . oligarchy or democracy ] than on the basis of monarchy . " ( " On Kingship " ).
- Due to his criticism of democratic capitalism and polyarchy, and also for his seeming praise for the political-economy of Tito's Yugoslavia, Lindblom was ( perhaps predictably ) labeled a " Closet Communist " and a " Creeping Socialist " by conservative critics in the west.
- Originally, Dahl, too, disagreed with many of Lindblom's observations and conclusions; but in a recent work " How Democratic Is the American Constitution ? " he also has become critical of polyarchy in general and its U . S . form in particular.
- The main dimensions of his work include interalia : information highway, media and multiculturalism, the polyarchy of new media technologies, cultural identity, cultural formations in the era of information society, colonization of the Lifeworld, state / democracy and media representations, media policy, the iconcentrism of political communication / marketing, media policy, media accountability, broadcasting and citizens, the nature of social transformation or / and alteration.
- Instead, we must specify precisely the structural features of an alternative : " But if we want to do more than simply denounce the evils of capitalism, we must confront the claim that'there is no alternative' by proposing one . " Schweickart argued that both full employment and guaranteed basic income are impossible under the restrictions of the U . S . economic system for two primary reasons : a ) unemployment is an essential feature of capitalism, not an indication of systemic failure; and b ) while capitalism thrives under polyarchy, it is not compatible with genuine democracy.
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