| 1. | The pronephros develops from the intermediate mesoderm, as do the later kidneys.
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| 2. | In humans, the pronephros is just rudimentary, and undergoes rapid atrophy and disappears.
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| 3. | Pax2 and Pax8 are also necessary for the formation of the pronephros and subsequent kidney structures.
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| 4. | A secondary glomerulus is formed ventral to each of these, and the complete group constitutes the pronephros.
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| 5. | Despite this transient appearance in mammals, the pronephros is essential for the development of the adult kidneys.
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| 6. | Thus, the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros.
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| 7. | In mammals a functional pronephros, in the context of an organ performing waste excretion or osmoregulation, does not develop.
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| 8. | The 1st phase is the pronephros, the 2nd phase is the mesonephros and the 3rd and final stage is the metanephros.
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| 9. | After false starts with pit vipers and squirrels, she completed a dissertation project on the embryonic development of the pronephros in fish.
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| 10. | This continues to grow caudalward until it opens into the ventral part of the cloaca; beyond the pronephros it is termed the Wolffian duct.
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