| 1. | Note that labile protons (-OH, protium atom.
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| 2. | Water enriched in molecules that include deuterium instead of protium is called heavy water.
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| 3. | Compare protium, hydroxide, water.
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| 4. | Like protium, deuterium was produced very early in the universe's history during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
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| 5. | Like the water-cycle in Earth's weather, such heating processes may enrich deuterium with respect to protium.
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| 6. | A molecule of heavy water has two deuterium atoms in place of the two protium atoms of ordinary " light " water.
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| 7. | This is because the nucleus of deuterium is twice as heavy as protium, and this causes noticeable differences in bonding energies.
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| 8. | Tritium is also used in NMR, as it is the only nucleus more sensitive than protium, generating very large signals.
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| 9. | There is a large difference in scattering length between protium (-0.374 ) and deuterium ( 0.667 ).
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| 10. | Examples of such NMR active nuclei are the isotopes carbon-13 and hydrogen-1 ( which is often referred to as protium ).
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