"' Pseudoptosis "' The indication is the sagging of the skin of the lower half ( inferior pole ) of the breast, featuring the nipple located either at or above the inframammary fold ( IMF ); as such, pseudoptosis is a usual consequence of postpartum milk-gland atrophy.
2.
"' Pseudoptosis "' The indication is the sagging of the skin of the lower half ( inferior pole ) of the breast, featuring the nipple located either at or above the inframammary fold ( IMF ); as such, pseudoptosis is a usual consequence of postpartum milk-gland atrophy.
3.
The nipple is located either at or above the IMF, while the lower half of the breast sags below the IMF . Pseudoptosis usually occurs when the woman ceases nursing, because the milk glands have atrophied, and so reduced the volume of the breast, thus the sagging of the breast-envelope skin.
4.
The specific reduction mammoplasty procedure is determined by the volume of breast tissues ( adipose, skin ) to be resected ( cut and removed ) from each breast, and the degree of breast ptosis present : "'Pseudoptosis "'( sagging of the inferior pole of the breast; the nipple is at or above the inframammary fold ); "'Grade I : Mild ptosis "'( the nipple is below the IMF, but above the lower pole of the breast ); "'Grade II : Moderate ptosis "'( the nipple is below the IMF; yet some lower-pole breast tissue hangs lower than the nipple ); "'Grade III : Severe ptosis "'( the nipple is far below the IMF; no breast tissue is below the nipple ).
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