Lowenstein and Loewenfeld's pioneer experiments and numerous publications on pupillary topics were a major factor in bringing pupillography into American neuro-ophthalmological medicine.
2.
While in Germany he also began early research into pupillography as a means to detect and diagnose mental and neurological disorders including engineering the first machines and methodologies to assist in the study of the eye as a window to the brain.
3.
These tests include pharmacological testing ( testing for an effective drug against a specific disease or condition ), a complete ocular examination ( a test that examines the entire eye ), and video pupillography ( recording and analysis of spontaneous pupil behavior in darkness ).
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