| 11. | A root containing geminated consonants rather than clusters of it.
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| 12. | Another debated change has been the introduction of geminate consonants.
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| 13. | Gradation is the simplest for geminated ( long ) plosives.
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| 14. | Geminated stops in Comanche have also become phonetically preaspirated.
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| 15. | Vowels may be long, and consonants may be geminate ( doubled ).
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| 16. | All segments may be geminated except for the pharyngeals.
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| 17. | The final consonant can be geminated in order to convey an intensive meaning.
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| 18. | The geminates of these are written,,,.
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| 19. | Geminated stops may be pre-aspirated in intervocalic and word-final position.
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| 20. | A few languages have regained secondary geminate consonants.
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