Upon formation of the prepore and attachment of LF and / or EF, the heptamer migrates to a lipid raft where it is rapidly endocytosed.
12.
Studies on the binding region of LF and EF demonstrated that a large surface area contacts with domain 1 of two adjacent PA63 molecules when in the heptamer conformation.
13.
RSSs are composed of three elements : a heptamer of seven conserved nucleotides, a spacer region of 12 or 23 basepairs in length, and a nonamer of nine conserved nucleotides.
14.
The heptamer of ?-hemolysin from " Staphylococcus aureus " has a mushroom-like shape and measures up to 100 ?in diameter and 100 ?in height.
15.
The heptamer formation causes no major changes in the conformation of each individual monomer, but by coming together, more than 15400 Ų ( 154 nm?) of protein surface is buried.
16.
Both RAG1 molecules in the closed dimer are involved in the cooperative binding of the 12-RSS and 23-RSS intermediates with base specific interactions in the heptamer of the signal end.
17.
While the majority of RSSs vary in sequence, the consensus heptamer and nonamer sequences are CACAGTG and ACAAAAACC, respectively; and although the sequence of the spacer region is poorly conserved, the length is highly conserved.
18.
Once inside, the complex is transferred to an acidic compartment, where the heptamer, still in the non-membrane-spanning pre-pore conformation, is prepared for translocation of EF and LF into the cytosol.
19.
Second, the drop in pH causes a disordered loop and a Greek-key motif in the PA domain 2 to fold out of the heptamer pre-pore and insert through the wall of the acidic vesicle, leading to pore formation ( Figures 7 9 ).
20.
They initially introduce a nick in the 5'( upstream ) end of the RSS heptamer ( a conserved region of 7 nucleotides ) that is adjacent to the coding sequence, leaving behind a specific biochemical structure on this region of DNA : a 3'- hydroxyl ( OH ) group at the coding end and a 5'- phosphate ( PO 4 ) group at the RSS end.
